11/18/12
Lock Picking 101
Part One
Understanding Locks and Picking
To
understand how to pick a lock you must first understand what makes up a lock
and how it operates. After all the goal of picking a lock is to replicate the
action of a properly cut key. A lock is basically made up of five different
parts. The cylinder plug, the cylinder housing, the springs, the top/driver
pins and the bottom pins.
The cylinder
plug is that which the key fits into and rotates in the housing when all the
pins are aligned creating the shear line. The shear line is where the cylinder
plug ends and the cylinder housing begins.
The cylinder
housing is the exterior shell, which houses the springs, and top/driver pines.
The springs hold the top/driver pins and bottom pins down in the plug. The
top/driver pins sit on top of the bottom pins and block the plug from turning
when they are down, the top pins are down when the key is removed from the
cylinder plug. The bottom pins are pointed on the bottom and flat on top, they
are sized to fit the cuts in the key and ride in the cuts of the key when the
key is inserted in the cylinder plug.
When the proper key is inserted into the
cylinder plug each pin stack is lifted to the correct height. This aligns the
top/driver pins above the shear line and the bottom pins below the shear line.
This alignment allows the plug to turn freely. Typically there is linkage
connected to the back of the plug, which operates the latch allowing it to
slide into and out of the striker plate on the doorframe.
The next thing
is to have the basic picking tools starting with picks. There are a verity of
different picks for instance the hook pick, the half diamond pick and what I
believe most locksmiths prefer the traditional rake pick. A light or medium
tension wrench and a spray can of lubricant.
An important
factor in making it possible to pick a lock is known as “Pin Segment
Clearance.” Which is the clearance around the pin segments in the plug. This
clearance, combined with the hole pattern, is what lets you “feel” the lock as
it picks. The less expensive cylinders allow more room for side-to-side pin
movement, which makes them easier to pick. To get an idea of how much
side-to-side movement you have try inserting a key half way into the lock, and
turn the key back and forth easily as to not break the key off in the lock. The
play your feel is the lateral side-to-side pin movement.
Another
important factor in making it possible to pick a lock is “Inaccurate Drilling.”
When a cylinder plug is drilled during the manufacturing process, the barrels
usually are not drilled perfectly straight. This inaccurate drilling causes the
barrels to bind one at a time, when rotational pressure is applied with a
tension wrench. To effectively pick the lock, you must pick the barrel that
binds first. Then you must pick the barrel that binds second, and so on, until
all the barrels are picked.
(Continued in Part Two)
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